공통 지도서 · Background B

The five pictures (models)다섯 가지 그림 모델

Lia will see these pictures in class. Learn them once. You will use them all year.

한국어 요약

수업에서 쓰는 그림 모델 다섯 가지(10칸 상자, 부분–전체 모델, 막대 모델, 십 모형, 수직선)를 설명해요. 모델마다 무엇인지, 집에서 만드는 법, 아이에게 할 영어 문장을 담았어요.

이 장 차례 (5)

A model is a picture that shows a maths idea. Models help children see the maths. Each model below has: what it is, how to make it at home, and what to say.

1. Ten frame

7 green and 3 red. 7 and 3 make 10.

What it is: A box with 10 spaces, in 2 rows of 5. It shows how many there are, and how many more make 10.

Make it at home: Cut 2 cups off an egg box of 12, so it has 10 cups. Or draw a 2 × 5 grid on paper. Use coins, beads or small toys as counters.

YOU“How many counters can you see?”
YOU“How many empty spaces are there?”
YOU“So how many more do we need to make 10?”
YOU“Look at the top row. It has 5. The top row is full, so we know there are at least 5.”

2. Part–whole model

1394
The whole is 13. The parts are 9 and 4.

What it is: One big circle at the top (the whole) and two circles under it (the parts). The parts together make the whole.

Make it at home: Draw three circles on paper. Put real counters in them.

YOU“This is the whole. The whole is 13.”
YOU“These are the parts. The parts are 9 and 4.”
YOU“9 and 4 make 13.”
YOU“If we take away one part from the whole, the other part is left.”

3. Bar model

169?
The whole is 16. One part is 9. What is the other part?

What it is: The part–whole idea drawn as long bars. The top bar is the whole. The bottom bars are the parts. It is very useful for story problems, because it shows what we know and what we need to find.

Make it at home: Cut strips of paper. Or draw rectangles. Write a question mark on the part you need to find.

YOU“The top bar is the whole. It is 16.”
YOU“This part is 9. This part is a mystery. What is it?”
YOU“9 plus what equals 16? Or: 16 take away 9 is what?”

4. Tens and ones (base 10)

3 tens and 4 ones = 34

What it is: A long stick is 1 ten (10 small cubes stuck together). A small cube is 1 one. The picture shows 3 tens and 4 ones, so the number is 34.

Make it at home: Make towers of 10 Lego bricks. Each tower is a ten. Single bricks are ones. Or tie 10 straws or 10 ice-cream sticks with a rubber band. You can also use money: ten 10 sen coins make RM1.

YOU“How many tens are there? How many ones?”
YOU“3 tens and 4 ones. That is 34.”
YOU“The 3 in 34 means 3 tens. It is worth 30.”
YOU“The 4 in 34 means 4 ones. It is worth 4.”

5. Number line

8910111213+2+3
8 + 5: jump 2 to get to 10, then jump 3 more. You land on 13.

What it is: A line with numbers in order. Adding means jumping forward (to the right). Subtracting means jumping back (to the left).

Make it at home: Use a ruler or a tape measure. Or write 0 to 20 on sticky notes on the floor, and let Lia jump on them.

YOU“Put your finger on 8.”
YOU“Jump forward 2. Where are you now?”
LIA10!
YOU“Good. Now jump forward 3 more. Where are you?”
LIA13.
YOU“So 8 add 5 is 13.”

이 장을 쓰는 세트

Year 1 · Year 1 복습 · Step 1–5세트 1100까지의 수와 20 이내 계산Numbers to 100 and facts within 20워크북 24쪽 · 지도서 주제 5개 · 게임2026.10.05 올림Year 2 · 덧셈과 뺄셈 · Step 1–6세트 110의 보수와 수 가족Bonds to 10 and fact families워크북 15쪽 · 지도서 주제 8개 · 게임 · 부모 안내2026.10.05 올림

자주 묻는 질문

ten frame은 어떻게 쓰나요?

두 줄 다섯 칸(2×5) 상자에 물건을 채워 10까지의 수를 보여 줘요. 빈칸을 보면 10이 되려면 몇이 더 필요한지 바로 보여요.

part-whole model은 무엇인가요?

전체(whole)를 두 부분(part)으로 나눠 보여 주는 그림이에요. 수 가족의 네 식을 한 번에 볼 수 있어요.

bar model은 무엇인가요?

막대로 아는 수와 모르는 수의 관계를 그려 보는 방법이에요. 9 + ? = 16처럼 빠진 수를 찾을 때 좋아요.

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